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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00056_Field_frep24d.txt
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1996-12-30
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Receptive fields differ in size
from one ganglion cell to the
next. In particular, the centers
of the receptive fields vary
markedly and systematically in
size: they are smallest in the
fovea, the central part of the
retina, where our visual
acuity--our ability to
distinguish small objects--is
greatest; they get progressively
larger the farther out we go,
and meanwhile our acuity falls
off progressively.
In a monkey the smallest
field centers yet measured
subtend about 2 minutes of arc,
or about 10 micrometers (0.01
millimeters) on the retina.
These ganglion cells are in or
very close to the fovea. In the
fovea, cones have diameters
and center-to-center spacing of
about 2.5 micrometers, a figure
that matches well with our
visual acuity, measured in
terms of our ability to separate
two points as close as 0.5
minutes of arc. A circle 2.5
micrometers in diameter on the
retina (subtending 0.5 minutes)
corresponds to a quarter viewed
from a distance of about 500
feet.
Far out in the periphery of
the retina, receptive-field
centers are made up of
thousands of receptors and can
have diameters of 1 degree or
more. Thus as we go out along
the retina from its center,
three items correlate in an
impressive way, surely not by
coincidence: visual acuity
falls, the size of the receptor
population contributing to the
direct pathway (from receptors
to bipolars to ganglion cells)
increases, and the sizes of
receptive-field centers
increase. These three trends
are clues that help us
understand the meaning of the
direct and indirect paths from
receptors to ganglion cells. The
strong implication is that the
center of the receptive field is
determined by the direct path
and the antagonistic surround
by the indirect one, and that
the direct path sets limits on
our acuity. To obtain more
evidence for this conclusion, it
was necessary to record from
the other cells in the retina, as
I will describe in the next
section.